Since their discovery in the 1990s, single-domain antibodies (VHHs), also known as Nanobodies®, have changed the landscape of affinity reagents.The outstanding solubility, stability, and specificity of VHHs, as well as their small size, ease of production and formatting flexibility favor VHHs over conventional antibody formats for many applica
Monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) algorithm is a newly-developed metaheuristic approach that has shown striking performance on several benchmark problems.In order to enhance the performance of MBO, many scholars proposed various strategies for benchmark evaluation and practical applications.As an application of artificial intelligence (AI), mach
Abstract Achieving homogeneous oil and water mixing requires thorough droplet dispersions of both liquids.An additional component, such as a surfactant, particle, solvent or ion is normally required to stabilize the small liquid droplets by providing sufficiently low interfacial tensions or strong repulsive forces.Here we show that very stable oil-